Ki67antigenistheprototypiccellcyclerelatednuclearprotein,expressedbyproliferatingcellsinallphasesoftheactivecellcycle(G1,S,G2andMphase).Itisabsentinresting(G0)cells.Ki67antibodiesareusefulinestablishingthecellgrowingfractioninnormal,neoplasticandregenerativetissues.
Imageshowsimmunohistochemicalstainingofparaffin‐embeddedhumanglioblastomaxenografttumorsectionstainedwithKi67antibodyusingtheEtonBio’sKi67IHCKit(CatNo.3100010105).Ki67(darkbrown)displaysanuclearlocalizationpatternwhichcorrelatesitsfunctionincycleprogression(20X,counterstainedwithhematoxylin).
KitContents
Reagentsprovidedinthekit
Thematerialslistedaresufficientfor20tests.Thenumberoftestsisbasedontheuseof200μLeachofready‐to‐usereagentperslide.
PositiveControlSlides
•Onehumanrenalcarcinomaslides
BlockingBuffer
•10XNon-specificblockingbuffer
•Diluteat1:10usingdistilledwaterpriortostaining;unusedworkingsolutionmaybestoredat4°Cfor3month.
EquilibriumBuffer
•EquilibriumBuffer
•Ready‐to‐usereagent
Rabbitanti-Ki67antibody
•Rabbitanti-Ki67antibody
•DiluteinAntibodyDiluentsimmediatelybeforeuse(recommenduseat1:100dilution).
AntibodyDiluent
•AntibodyDilutent
•Ready‐to‐usereagent
WashBuffer
•TrisbufferedsalinewithTween20(pH7.6)
•Diluteat1:20usingdistilledwaterpriortostaining;unusedworkingsolutionmaybestoredat4°Cfor3month.
RabbitHRPPolymer
•RabbitHRPPolymer
•Ready‐to‐usereagent
DABsubstratebuffer
•10XDABsubstratebuffer
HydrogenPeroxide(H2O2)forDABsubstratebuffer
•0.3%HydrogenPeroxidesolution
DABChromogen
•Diaminobenzedinetetrahydrochloride(DAB)substratesolution(DonotexposeDABcomponentstodirectorbrightlightduringstorageandstainingprocess).
Materialsrequiredbutnotincludedinthekit
Reagents:
•Xylene
•Ethanol
•EndogenousPeroxidaseBlockingSolution(3%HydrogenPeroxide)
•Hematoxylin
•Mountingmedia
•Distilledordeionizedwater
•AntigenRetrievalBuffer(10X)0.1MCitrateBuffer(pH6.0)
LabEquipment:
•Steamerormicrowaveoven(forantigenretrieval)
•PAPpenforrestrainingreagentsonslides
•Moistchamberforslidesincubationwithstainingreagents
•Generallabequipmentforimmunohistostainingsuchasslideracks,stainingjars,coverslips,timer,Pipettes,etc.Microscopeequipmentandaccessories
StorageandstABIlity
StoreKi67IHCKitsat2‐8°C.Thekitisstableforsixmonthsat4°C.Donotuseafterexpirationdate.
Precautions
Takereasonableprecautionswhenhandlingreagents.UsedisposablegloveswhenhandlingsUSPectedcarcinogensortoxicmaterials(examples:DAB,xyleneandH2O2).Unusedsolutionshouldbedisposedaccordingtoapplicablelocal,stateandfederalregulations.
TheKi67ImmunohistostainingKithasbeendesignedforthestainingoftissuesthathavebeenfixed(usuallyinneutralbufferedformalin)andsubsequentlyembeddedinparaffinbeforesectioning.Thisprotocolisrecommendedasastartingpointandoptimizationbytheindividualend‐usermayberequired.
·Donotallowspecimenstodryduringthestainingprocedure.Specimendryingmaycauseincreasednon‐specificstainingandbackground.
·Sometissuemayneedtobaketoremoveover‐coveredparaffinpriortotheprocedure.Ifneeded,bakeat55‐60°Cfor30minutes.
Problems | PossIBLeCauses | Solutions |
Overstaining | 1.Toolongincubationtimeofprimaryantibody,ortoohightemperaturewhendoingstaining 2.ToolongincubationtimeofDABsubstrate. 3.Slidedriedduringstainingprocess | •Dependingontissuesections,theincubationtimeofprimaryantibodycanbereducedto2hours;Checktheroomtemperaturerangeisat20-250Cwhendoingstaining. •ReduceincubationtimeofDABsubstrate •Avoidsectionstodryduringstainingprocess. |
Weakornostaining | 1.Incompleteremovalofparaffin 2.Tissuesover‐fixation 3.Notefficientantigenretrieval 4.Reagentsnotusedinproperorderoromittedsteps 5.Expiredantibodyorreagents | •Deparaffinizesectionslongerorchangetofreshxylene;sometissuearraymayneedtobaketo removeover‐coveredparaffin. •Increasingtheconcentrationofprimaryantibodyto1:40;ifthisdoesnotwork,reducedurationof post‐fixation. •Adjustantigenretrievaltimebasedonthesettingforsectionfixationandretrievaldeviceused. •Reviewnotesandprocedureused. •Checkkitexpirationdatesandkitstorageconditions |
Highbackground | 1Sectionsdriedduringstainingprocess 2Slidenotrinsedthoroughly 3Antigenover‐retrieval | •Donotallowsectionstodryduringstainingprocess;usehumidcontainerduringincubation withprimaryantibody. •Usefreshsolutioninbufferjars;rinseatleastthreetimesbetweensteps. •Optimizeantigenretrievaltimeifyouusedmicrowaveorpressurecookerforretrieval. |
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